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The state of democracy




 by Martin Aslan

The global decline of Democracy

In January, thousands of Israelis protested against their new far-right government, fearing its plans would weaken democratic institutions and checks and balances. This reflects a broader global trend: trust in democracy is declining, yet authoritarian regimes have not proven more effective.

The global retreat of democracy

Democracy is defined by representative government, fundamental rights, checks on power, impartial administration, and civic participation. However, in recent years, democracy has stagnated, with half of democratic nations backsliding. Repressive regimes are tightening control, and the number of countries shifting toward authoritarianism has more than doubled in six years. Today, half of all nations are experiencing democratic decline.

Democratic erosion in Europe

While democracy remains dominant in Europe, it has weakened, even in high-performing countries. Poland and Hungary are experiencing significant democratic backsliding, with increasing government control over institutions and erosion of fundamental rights. Germany, despite its strong democratic standing, has seen declines in media integrity.

: Democratic indicators in decline in Hungary Source: The global state of democracy 2022 - International institute for democracy and electoral assistance

Democratic indicators in decline in Hungary. Source: The global state of democracy 2022 - International Institute for democracy and electoral assistance

Türkiye, in contrast, is classified as a hybrid regime rather than a true democracy. Since 2005, democracy has steadily declined under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Freedom of speech has particularly suffered, with 90% of national media under government control. Anti-terrorism laws and Article 299 of the Penal Code are used to suppress journalists, and in 2022, new laws further tightened control over online media. Since the failed coup in 2016, over 200 journalists have been imprisoned, and Reporters Without Borders ranks Türkiye 149th out of 180 in press freedom.

Journalists currently in prison (2023). Source: Reporters without borders

Government censorship remains a key tool, used to restrict access to information, including social media shutdowns used to stifle criticism. Following the February earthquake, bandwidth limitations hindered rescue efforts, demonstrating the real-life consequences of media suppression.

The urgent need to defend Democracy

Democracy is at risk worldwide, even in Europe, its historical stronghold. As war, climate change, and economic crises unfold, democratic principles are being undermined—despite being the best safeguard for people's rights and freedoms.

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